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WhitePapers |
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ITpreneurs’ Instructional Design Approach to Foundation v3 E-Learning Development: A whitepaper by Anuradha Madhusudhanan |
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A Philosophical Debate |
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Do adults and children learn the same way? As we have seen earlier, Knowles believes not. What motivates adults to learn? Unlike children, who are naturally curious, adults do not enter training programs with a natural desire to learn. They are motivated more by success and personal gain – by the “what’s in it for me” – rather than by wanting to find out more.
Research reports that most training programs fail because the learners are just not interested. This information formed a key input to our design toolkit.
By now, it is a fairly well-established fact that most adults take a corporate training program not because they want to, but because they are obliged to… by a corporate mandate, because it is tied in to a promotion, or because it earns them credit points. In short, the focus is more on “passing the exam and getting that certificate” than on learning.
The challenge for most training departments lies in walking the fine line between stimulating the learner to take a training, which is often a slow process, and clocking the mandated number of training hours. This does not take away from the real need, which is, the training needs to stick. The hard truth is, “passing the exam” is not the same as “knowing the principle concepts” or being able to “recall, and eventually, apply the concepts.”
Unfortunately, in the race to achieve targets, most training organizations lose out on the quality of training… jeopardizing their future efficiency and success.
So, ITpreneurs’ design team came back to its agreed strategy of presenting learners with scenario-based learning that would grab their attention. Retaining attention, however, needed the designers to find tools to involve the learners and get them to take active part in the training process.
Now, what’s the required educational level – or the Bloom’s Level – for ITIL Foundation? The ITIL syllabus prescribes Blooms Levels 1 and 2 for Foundation, which means “recall.” The student is expected to recall what she has learned, not “apply” what she has learned to a context or problem at hand. This means that learner involvement needs to be in the realm of recalling what’s learned.
Limited attention spans, reluctant learners, and Blooms Levels 1 and 2…. Conventionally, scenario-based learning lends itself best to decision-based learning, which means the learner picks a path, makes a decision, solves a problem… all Blooms Level 3 and above tasks! And that is out of our scope at the Foundation level!
ITpreneurs used the montage technique to overcome this apparent challenge. Originating in film, montage allows the designer to place together overtly unconnected stories, or content, to create new meaning. This technique led to weaving the core content into the narrative and graphic-rich hotel scenarios, allowing us to take great strides in ensuring the retention of learning. |
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Practical Mantra |
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Grab their attention! Then, retain it!!
Easier said than done… we had to crack this. We decided to combine Gagne’s Nine Events of Instruction with Keller's ARCS Model The strategy worked with the hotel context… providing enough opportunities to grab the learner’s attention and stimulate his interest, reeling him into the course... topic, after topic, after topic.
How? A juxtaposition of scenario or problem establishment, followed by systematically presented content at the appropriate depth of knowledge, interwoven with scenario connects and cross-referenced content for additional reading, and a game-based approach to self-evaluation, supplemented by formal, rigorous evaluation… |
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Evaluation |
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ITpreneurs' Foundation course is designed to evaluate students at two levels. The first, and perhaps most important to the retention of learning, is self-evaluation. The second is the opportunity to "take the exam."
Self-evaluation has been designed at three levels. First, a scenario-based game or exercise, with feedback where relevant, helps the student apply the concepts she has learned, within the appropriate Bloom’s Level. Next, the student has an opportunity to check his understanding of the concepts learned, by attempting a set of questions based on the topics covered. The third level is the formal, graded assessment at the end of each module.
The opportunity to take the exam is provided by the EPG, or Exam Preparation Guide, which includes time-bound exams, simulated after the final certification exams. |
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ITpreneurs’ Quality Ambition |
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ITpreneurs’ commitment to quality is evident in our many products. Quality and innovation are not just “good words” in ITpreneurs’ dictionary; we view them as business imperatives.
Our freedom to play with new media and technologies has been the guiding force behind several of our cutting-edge courses, including highly interactive, multilevel, game-based, and simulations-based courses. Continued investments in and experiments with newer technologies help us consistently raise our quality bar. |
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The Development Process |
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ITpreneurs employs the high-powered ADDIE, standing for Analysis, Design, Development,Implementation, and Evaluation, in its development process.
However, good old ADDIE can sometimes become tardy and rigid, so we take help from the rapid prototyping model (a method to get quick proof-of-concept without building and expending all components). Agility and efficiency have been key to ITpreneurs’ growth. ITpreneurs also uses the modified ADDIE, which combines the core concepts of ADDIE with those of rapid prototyping, allowing us to very quickly build-test-improve, until we arrive at the appropriate instructional and interactive design mix. Feedback from our learners and instructors are input to improvement. |
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In the End… |
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… is the Beginning. |
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As VP, Product Execution Services at ITpreneurs, Anuradha is responsible for designing and developing ITpreneurs’ learning and learning delivery products.A student and practitioner of leadership studies, organizational development, and talent management, she has influenced the design and execution of communications solutions for various corporations, including Mudra Communications, DigitalThink (now a Convergys company), NIIT, Genpact, and ITpreneurs.
Her unconventional approach to design and problem solving has been instrumental in the
cross-fertilization of design principles from various media, across advertising and publishing,
multimedia, and e-learning.
Anuradha Madhusudhanan |
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